English
How to convert text to uppercase, lowercase or title case
This case converter changes the capitalization of any text you paste: UPPER CASE, lower case, Title Case, Sentence case and seven other styles. Each row on the right shows a live preview, so you can see the result before you commit.
- Paste your text into the box. The counters underneath show characters, words and lines as you go.
- Tap a style, for example Title Case. The text in the box changes.
- Didn't like it? Press Undo (or Ctrl+Z right after the change). Up to 100 steps are kept.
- Press Copy, or Download .txt to save a file.
If you only need the converted version for a moment, the small Copy button on each row copies that style without touching the box.
How to change caps lock text without retyping
Typed a whole paragraph before noticing caps lock was on? There are two cases, and they need different buttons.
- Inverted text like "hELLO, mY NAME IS aNNA" happens when you hold Shift for capitals while caps lock is on. Press iNVERSE cASE and it flips back to "Hello, My name is Anna".
- All capitals like "PLEASE SEND THE REPORT BY FRIDAY" needs Sentence case, which gives "Please send the report by friday".
Notice "friday" in that second example. No converter can know which words are names, so proper nouns that were typed in capitals come out lowercase. Read the result once and fix names by hand. Words that were already mixed case, like iPhone, or acronyms inside normal text, like NASA, are left alone by Title Case and Sentence case.
Every case style compared
Here is one phrase run through each option:
| Style | Result | Typical use |
|---|---|---|
| UPPER CASE | THE RETURN OF THE KING | Signs, short labels, legal headings |
| lower case | the return of the king | Tags, hashtags, cleaning data |
| Title Case | The Return of the King | Headlines, book and song titles |
| Sentence case | The return of the king | Body text, UI buttons, many news sites |
| Capitalize Each Word | The Return Of The King | Names in a list, form fields |
| camelCase | theReturnOfTheKing | JavaScript and Java variables |
| PascalCase | TheReturnOfTheKing | Class and component names |
| snake_case | the_return_of_the_king | Python, SQL columns |
| kebab-case | the-return-of-the-king | URLs, CSS classes, file names |
| CONSTANT_CASE | THE_RETURN_OF_THE_KING | Constants, environment variables |
| dot.case | the.return.of.the.king | Config keys, translation keys |
aLtErNaTiNg cAsE is the "mocking SpongeBob" style and has no serious use. It is here because people search for it.
What are the title case rules?
The Title Case button follows the AP and APA approach: capitalize every word except articles (a, an, the), short coordinating conjunctions (and, but, or, nor, for, so, yet) and prepositions of three letters or fewer (in, of, on, to, by, at, up, via). Those small words are still capitalized when they are the first or last word, or come right after a colon. Hyphenated words get a capital on each part, so "step-by-step guide" becomes "Step-by-Step Guide".
Chicago style is stricter and also lowercases longer prepositions such as "from" and "with". If your publication uses Chicago, check those words after converting. Excel's PROPER function and the Capitalize Each Word button ignore all of this and capitalize "of" and "the" too, which is why headlines made that way look slightly off.
Writing in Indonesian? Switch Title case rules to Indonesian. Words like dan, di, ke, dari, yang and untuk then stay lowercase unless they open the title, as the EYD spelling guide requires.
snake_case vs camelCase: which one should you use?
Use whatever the language or codebase already uses; mixing styles in one project is worse than picking the "wrong" one. The common conventions:
| Language or place | Variables and functions | Classes | Constants |
|---|---|---|---|
| JavaScript / TypeScript | camelCase | PascalCase | CONSTANT_CASE |
| Python | snake_case | PascalCase | CONSTANT_CASE |
| Java, Kotlin | camelCase | PascalCase | CONSTANT_CASE |
| Ruby, Rust | snake_case | PascalCase | CONSTANT_CASE |
| CSS classes, URLs | kebab-case | ||
The programming styles split words at spaces, punctuation and existing capitals, so "XMLHttpRequest handler" becomes xml_http_request_handler in snake_case. Accents are removed (café becomes cafe) because most identifiers and URLs should stay plain ASCII. Each line is converted on its own, so you can paste a list of 50 column names and turn them all into snake_case at once.
Cleaning up messy text
Text copied from a PDF often arrives with a line break every 60 characters. Remove line breaks joins those lines but keeps blank lines between paragraphs; press it a second time to merge everything into one line. Remove extra spaces collapses double spaces and tabs, Remove duplicate lines keeps the first copy of each line (handy for email lists), and Sort A–Z sorts with numbers in natural order, so Item 2 comes before Item 10.
One note for Turkish and Azerbaijani: the dotted and dotless i are different letters there, so "istanbul" in capitals is "İSTANBUL", not "ISTANBUL". Pick the language under Letter rules and upper and lower case follow it. The programming styles always use plain English rules, so a variable called ID never turns into ıd.
Frequently asked questions
How do I fix text I typed with caps lock on without retyping it?
Paste it here and click iNVERSE cASE, which swaps every letter. "hELLO, mY NAME IS aNNA" becomes "Hello, My name is Anna". If the whole thing is in capitals, use Sentence case instead.
How do I change uppercase to lowercase in Word?
Select the text and press Shift+F3; each press cycles through lowercase, UPPERCASE and Capitalize Each Word. The same options are under Home → Change Case (the Aa button). In Google Docs use Format → Text → Capitalization.
Which words stay lowercase in title case?
Articles (a, an, the), short conjunctions (and, but, or, nor, for, so, yet) and prepositions of three letters or fewer (in, of, on, to, by), unless they are the first or last word. "the lord of the rings" becomes "The Lord of the Rings".
What is the difference between Title Case and Capitalize Each Word?
Title Case keeps small words lowercase and leaves acronyms like NASA alone; Capitalize Each Word capitalizes everything. The same phrase gives "The Lord of the Rings" versus "The Lord Of The Rings".
What is the difference between snake_case and camelCase?
snake_case joins lowercase words with underscores (user_id), camelCase joins them with a capital on every word after the first (userId). Python and SQL mostly use snake_case; JavaScript and Java use camelCase.
How do I change text case in Excel or Google Sheets?
Use the functions =UPPER(A1), =LOWER(A1) and =PROPER(A1). PROPER capitalizes every word, including "of" and "the", so for proper headline style paste the column here and use Title Case.
Does it handle Turkish and accented letters correctly?
Yes. Upper and lower case follow the language rules, so "café" becomes "CAFÉ" and, with Türkçe selected, "istanbul" becomes "İSTANBUL" with the dotted capital İ.